Figuring out when to plant corn in Louisiana is the first step to a successful harvest. This guide will walk you through the optimal planting time guide for your area, ensuring your corn gets the best possible start.
Louisiana’s long, warm growing season is a big advantage for corn growers. But planting at the right moment is key to avoiding heat stress and pest problems. Let’s break down the timing so you can plan your garden with confidence.
When To Plant Corn In Louisiana
The core planting window for corn in Louisiana runs from late February through mid-April. The ideal date for your specific garden depends heavily on your location within the state.
North Louisiana tends to have later last frost dates. Aim to plant from mid-March to mid-April there. Central Louisiana can often start a bit earlier, from early March to early April. South Louisiana, with its mildest winters, has the longest window, starting as early as late February and going through March.
Soil temperature is a more reliable signal than the calendar. Corn seeds germinate best when soil is consistently at least 50°F. A reading of 55-60°F is ideal for strong, quick sprouting. Use a simple soil thermometer to check at planting depth.
Why Timing Matters So Much
Planting too early in cold, wet soil leads to poor germination. Seeds may rot before they ever sprout. Slow-growing seedlings are also more vulnerable to diseases.
Planting too late, however, exposes the corn to extreme summer heat during its critical pollination phase. High temperatures and dry air during tasseling can drastically reduce your yield. Later plantings also face more pressure from pests like corn earworms.
Choosing the Right Corn Variety
Your planting time should influence the type of corn you choose. Here’s a quick guide:
- Early Varieties (70-80 days): Great for getting a quick harvest. You can use these for a late planting or try for two successive crops in one season, especially in the south.
- Mid-Season Varieties (80-90 days): These are the most reliable choice for the main spring planting. They offer a good balance of yield and heat tolerance.
- Full-Season Varieties (90-100+ days): Need the longest growing period. Plant these first in your spring window to ensure they mature before peak summer stress.
Step-by-Step Planting Guide
Once your timing is set, follow these steps for success.
1. Prepare Your Soil
Corn is a heavy feeder. It thrives in rich, well-drained soil. Work in several inches of compost or well-rotted manure a few weeks before planting. A balanced fertilizer applied at planting gives seedlings a boost.
2. Planting Method and Depth
Plant corn seeds directly in the garden. Do not start them indoors, as they transplant poorly.
- Sow seeds 1 to 1.5 inches deep.
- Space seeds about 8-12 inches apart within a row.
- Space rows 30-36 inches apart to allow for growth and weeding.
3. The Block Planting Trick
Corn is wind-pollinated. For good ear development, plant in blocks of at least four rows rather than one long, single row. This ensures the pollen from the tassels can easily reach the silks on neighboring stalks.
4. Watering After Planting
Water the seeds in thoroughly after planting. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged until you see sprouts, which usually takes 7-14 days depending on soil warmth.
Seasonal Considerations Across Louisiana
Spring Planting (The Main Crop)
This is your primary planting. The goal is to have the corn mature before the most intense summer heat. Use the timing guidelines above. Succession planting, where you sow a new block every two weeks, can extend your harvest window.
Fall Planting (A Calculated Risk)
In some parts of Louisiana, especially the southern regions, a fall crop is possible. Plant about 85-100 days before your area’s first average fall frost date. This is often late July to early August.
The challenge is getting young plants established in summer heat. Pests can also be worse. Choose a fast-maturing variety and be prepared to water frequently.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Ignoring Soil Temp: Don’t rush planting if the soil is still cold and soggy. Patience pays off.
- Poor Pollination Planning: A single, long row will often result in poorly filled ears. Always plant in blocks.
- Overcrowding: Giving corn enough space improves air circulation, which reduces disease risk.
- Letting Soil Dry Out: Corn needs a lot of water, especially during tasseling and ear formation. Inadequate watering is a common cause of low yields.
Care Tips After Planting
Once your corn is up and growing, a few key practices will protect your crop.
- Fertilize Again: Side-dress with a nitrogen-rich fertilizer when plants are about knee-high (12 inches tall). This fuels their major growth spurt.
- Weed Carefully: Keep weeds down, especially while plants are young. Use shallow cultivation to avoid damaging the corn’s shallow roots.
- Watch for Pests: Be on the lookout for armyworms, corn borers, and earworms. Hand-pick or use appropriate organic controls when you first spot them.
FAQs: Louisiana Corn Planting
What is the latest you can plant corn in Louisiana?
For a spring crop, planting after early May is risky. The corn will likely hit pollination during the hottest, driest part of summer, hurting yield. For a fall crop, calculate backwards from your frost date.
Can you plant corn in July in Louisiana?
A July planting is strictly for a fall harvest. It is only recommended for very fast-maturing varieties in the southern parts of the state. The plants will need extra care to handle the initial heat.
How long does corn take to grow in Louisiana?
From planting to harvest, it typically takes 70 to 100 days, depending on the variety you choose and the weather conditions during the growing season. Always check the “days to maturity” on your seed packet.
Is it better to plant corn early or late?
In Louisiana, it’s generally safer to lean toward the earlier side of your local window rather than later. This helps avoid the worst summer heat at pollination. Just make sure soil conditions are right—warm and workable, not cold and wet.
By following this optimal planting time guide, you give your Louisiana corn crop the foundation it needs. Paying attention to your local climate, soil, and variety selection makes all the difference. With good timing and care, you’ll be on your way to enjoying sweet, homegrown corn straight from your garden.