If you want a lush, durable lawn in Alabama, knowing when to plant Bermuda grass is the most important step. This guide will walk you through the best planting time and how to get it right for your specific area.
Getting the timing correct ensures your grass establishes strong roots before facing extreme heat or unexpected cold. Planting at the wrong time can lead to a weak lawn or even complete failure, so let’s get you on the right schedule.
When to Plant Bermuda Grass in Alabama
For successful establishment, the absolute best time to plant Bermuda grass in Alabama is from late spring through early summer. You are aiming for a consistent soil temperature at or above 65°F, which typically happens from mid-May to late June.
This window gives the grass plenty of warm weather to grow and mature before cooler fall temperatures arrive. Planting to late in the summer risks the young grass being damaged by early frost, as it won’t have developed a deep enough root system.
Why Soil Temperature Matters More Than Calendar Dates
While calendar dates are a helpful guide, soil temperature is the true signal for planting. Bermuda grass seed germinates poorly in cool soil. You can use a simple soil thermometer to check.
Take measurements in the morning for several days in a row. When the soil at a 1-inch depth consistently reads 65°F or higher, it’s go time. This method accounts for yearly weather variations, which can shift the ideal planting date by a week or two.
Regional Variations Across Alabama
Alabama’s climate varies from north to south, so your location fine-tunes the schedule.
- North Alabama: Aim for late May to mid-June. Winters are cooler here, so giving the grass maximum warm-growing time is key.
- Central Alabama: The prime window is mid-May to mid-June. This region has a long, hot growing season perfect for Bermuda.
- South Alabama: You can often start a bit earlier, from early May to June. The warmer coastal climates allow for a longer establishment period.
Planting Bermuda Grass from Seed vs. Sod/Sprigs
The method you choose slightly adjusts your timing. Seed is more sensitive and needs the full warmth of early summer. Sod and sprigs, which are more mature plants, can be installed a little earlier in spring or even into late summer with extra care.
- Seed: Plant only during the prime late spring/early summer window. Follow the soil temperature rule strictly.
- Sod: Can be laid from early May through July, provided you can commit to intensive watering. Avoid fall sodding.
- Sprigs: Similar to sod, sprigs can be planted from May through July. They need constant moisture to take root.
Step-by-Step Planting Guide
Once your timing is set, proper planting technique makes all the difference. Here’s how to do it.
1. Site Preparation
Good preparation is 80% of the battle. Start by removing all existing weeds, grass, and debris. Till the soil to a depth of 4 to 6 inches to loosen it. This allows roots to penetrate easily.
Next, level the area to prevent water pooling. Add a starter fertilizer and any needed soil amendments, like compost for poor soil, based on a soil test recommendation. Rake the surface smooth to create a fine, level seedbed.
2. Seeding or Sodding Process
For seeding, use a broadcast or drop spreader for even coverage. Follow the recommended seeding rate on the bag—too much seed causes crowding, to little leaves bare spots. Lightly rake the seed into the soil no more than ¼ inch deep, and then roll the area with a lawn roller to ensure good seed-to-soil contact.
For sod, start with moist soil. Lay the sod strips tightly together in a staggered brick-like pattern. Avoid gaps or overlaps. Roll the freshly laid sod to remove air pockets and ensure the roots make contact with the soil beneath.
3. The Critical Watering Phase
Watering correctly is non-negotiable for success. Your goal is to keep the top inch of soil consistently moist but not soggy.
- Weeks 1-2: Water lightly 2-3 times daily to prevent the seed or sod roots from drying out.
- Weeks 3-4: Reduce frequency to once daily, applying more water to encourage deeper root growth.
- After Establishment: Transition to a deep, infrequent watering schedule, about 1 inch per week.
4. First Mowing and Initial Fertilization
Wait until your new grass reaches about one-third higher than its desired mowing height before the first cut. For common Bermuda, this is often when it reaches 2 inches tall. Mow it down to about 1.5 inches. Ensure your mower blade is very sharp to avoid tearing the young grass.
Apply a starter fertilizer at seeding or sodding. Wait 4-6 weeks after germination or sodding to apply the next round of balanced fertilizer to support continued growth.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Even with good timing, errors in care can set you back. Here are the big ones to watch for.
- Planting too early in spring: Cool soil and frost kill seeds or stunt sprigs.
- Planting to late in summer: Grass lacks time to harden off before winter.
- Inadequate watering: Letting seed dry out even once can ruin germination.
- Using poor quality seed or sod: Always choose certified, weed-free seed or fresh, green sod.
- Mowing to low to soon: This stresses the young grass and limits its root development.
FAQs: Planting Bermuda Grass in Alabama
Can I plant Bermuda grass in the fall in Alabama?
It is not recommended. Fall planting does not give the grass enough time to develop the deep, robust root system needed to survive winter dormancy and the following summer’s heat.
How long does it take for Bermuda grass seed to germinate?
Under ideal conditions (warm soil, consistent moisture), Bermuda grass seed will begin to germinate in 7 to 14 days. Full lawn coverage takes several weeks.
What is the best fertilizer for new Bermuda grass?
Use a high-phosphorus starter fertilizer (like a 10-20-10 ratio) at planting to promote root growth. Switch to a balanced or nitrogen-rich fertilizer for established lawns.
Can I overseed Bermuda with ryegrass in Alabama?
Yes, you can overseed with perennial ryegrass in late fall for winter color. The Bermuda will be dormant. Mow the ryegrass short in spring before the Bermuda greens up again.
Is it to late to plant Bermuda grass in July?
July is pushing the limit, especially in North Alabama. If you plant in July, you must be diligent with watering. Later plantings have a higher risk of winter kill.
By following this guide and focusing on the critical late spring to early summer window, you give your Bermuda grass lawn the best possible start. Paying attention to soil temperature, thorough preparation, and consistent after-care will lead to a thick, resilient turf that can handle Alabama’s heat and provide beauty for years to come. Remember, patience and proper timing in the beginning save a lot of corrective work later.