If you’re a Florida gardener, knowing when to plant asparagus is the first step to a successful perennial bed. The optimal timing for planting in our unique climate is crucial, as it differs from most other regions.
Getting this timing right gives your asparagus crowns the best chance to establish strong roots before the heat and rainy season arrive. Let’s break down the best schedule and methods for a bountiful harvest in the years to come.
When to Plant Asparagus in Florida
In Florida, the planting window is during the cooler, drier months. The ideal time is from late fall through early winter, specifically from December to February.
Planting during this period allows the dormant crowns to settle in and develop their root systems without the immediate stress of intense heat or summer downpours. By the time spring arrives, they’re ready to send up their first spears.
Why Florida’s Timing is Different
Most gardening guides recommend spring planting, but that advice is for colder climates where the ground freezes. Florida’s mild winters and early, hot springs change the rules.
Planting in our fall/winter mimics the natural dormancy period asparagus expects. It also helps avoid common problems like:
- Crown Rot: Summer’s heavy rains can waterlog beds and rot unestablished crowns.
- Weed Competition: Getting plants established before spring gives them a head start against aggressive weeds.
- Heat Stress: Young, tender ferns can struggle if they have to grow during the peak summer heat.
Choosing the Right Variety for Florida
Selecting a heat-tolerant variety is just as important as timing. Some good choices for Florida include:
- Jersey Series (Jersey Giant, Jersey Knight, Jersey Supreme): These are all-male hybrids, meaning they put more energy into spear production rather than seeds. They show good disease resistance.
- Purple Passion: Offers beautiful purple spears and a slightly sweeter flavor. It tends to be a bit more adaptable.
- UC 157: A reliable variety that performs well in warmer climates.
Avoid older varieties like ‘Mary Washington’ which are more suseptible to rust and other diseases that thrive in humidity.
Step-by-Step Planting Guide
Follow these steps to give your asparagus the best possible start.
1. Site Selection and Soil Prep
Asparagus is a long-term investment, so choosing the right spot is key. It needs full sun—at least 8 hours daily. The soil must be very well-draining; raised beds are often an excellent solution in Florida.
Prepare the soil several weeks before planting:
- Remove all weeds and grass from the area.
- Test your soil pH. Asparagus prefers a slightly alkaline soil, between 6.5 and 7.5. Florida’s sandy soils are often acidic, so you may need to add lime.
- Incorporate 3-4 inches of compost or well-rotted manure into the top 12 inches of soil. This improves nutrient content and moisture retention.
2. Planting the Crowns
You’ll plant dormant, one-year-old crowns. Here’s how:
- Dig a trench 8-10 inches deep and about 12 inches wide.
- Create a small mound of soil down the center of the trench.
- Place the crowns on top of the mound, spacing them 12-18 inches apart. Drape the roots down over the sides of the mound.
- Cover the crowns initially with just 2-3 inches of soil.
As the shoots grow, gradually fill in the trench with more soil over the first season until it’s level. This process helps support the developing spears.
3. Initial Watering and Mulching
Water the planted crowns thoroughly to settle the soil. After that, water regularly to keep the soil consistently moist but never soggy.
Apply a 3-4 inch layer of mulch, like pine straw or wood chips, around the plants. This supresses weeds, conserves moisture, and keeps the soil cooler. It’s especially helpful in Florida’s warming spring.
Caring for Your Asparagus Bed
Proper care in the first two years is critical for a harvest that lasts 15 years or more.
Watering and Feeding
Water deeply during dry spells. Once established, asparagus is relatively drought-tolerant but will produce better with consistent moisture.
Fertilize in late winter (February) just as new growth begins, and again after the harvest season ends in early summer. Use a balanced fertilizer or one slightly higher in phosphorus and potassium.
Weed Control
Weeds are a major competitor for nutrients. Hand-pull weeds carefully to avoid damaging the shallow roots. Your mulch layer will be your biggest ally in this fight.
The Most Important Rule: No Harvest the First Year!
This is the hardest part for gardeners. You must resist harvesting any spears in the first full season after planting. Let all the spears grow into tall, ferny foliage.
This allows the plant to build a strong root system. In the second year, you can harvest for a short period (2-3 weeks). By the third year, you can enjoy a full 6-8 week harvest season.
Common Florida-Specific Challenges
Our climate presents some unique issues to watch for.
- Asparagus Beetles: These pests can defoliate the ferns. Hand-pick them off or use an organic insecticidal soap.
- Fungal Diseases (Rust, Fusarium): Good air circulation and well-draining soil are your best prevention. Choose resistant varieties and avoid overhead watering.
- Nutrient Leaching: Sandy soil doesn’t hold nutrients well. Regular top-dressing with compost and consistent fertilization is neccessary.
FAQ: Asparagus in Florida
Can I grow asparagus from seed in Florida?
You can, but it adds an extra year to the establishment process. It’s generally faster and more reliable to start with purchased crowns.
What if I missed the winter planting window?
If it’s still early spring (March), you can try planting, but be prepared to water carefully and provide afternoon shade. Later than that, it’s best to wait until the following winter.
Growing asparagus in Florida requires patience and a shift in the typical planting calendar. By putting your crowns in the ground during the cool winter months, you align with the plant’s natural cycle and avoid our most challenging weather. With proper site preparation and the discipline to wait for that first harvest, you’ll be rewarded with delicious, homegrown spears for many springs to come.