Figuring out when to plant a garden in Missouri is the first step to a successful harvest. The best time for planting depends heavily on what you want to grow and your specific location in the state.
Missouri’s climate can be tricky, with late frosts in spring and early frosts in fall. This guide will walk you through the essential timing for vegetables, flowers, and more, helping you make the most of your growing season.
When To Plant A Garden In Missouri – Best Time For Planting
This heading is your anchor for the entire year. Missouri spans USDA Hardiness Zones 5b to 7a, meaning the last spring frost can range from early April in the south to mid-May in the north. The first fall frost typically arrives from early October to late October.
Always check your local frost dates for the most accurate planning. A good rule is to wait until after the average last frost date for tender plants.
Understanding Your Missouri Growing Zone
Missouri is divided into several planting zones. Knowing yours is crucial.
- Zone 5b (Northwest & North Central): Last frost around May 10-15. First frost around October 5-10.
- Zone 6a & 6b (Central Missouri, including Columbia and Jefferson City): Last frost around April 15-25. First frost around October 15-20.
- Zone 7a (Southern Missouri, including Springfield and Branson): Last frost around April 5-15. First frost around October 20-25.
These dates are averages, so always be prepared for a surprise cold snap. Its a good idea to have some row cover or cloths on hand for protection.
Spring Planting Schedule for Vegetables
Spring is for cool-season crops that can handle a light frost. You can get these in the ground early.
Early Spring (4-6 Weeks Before Last Frost)
These hardy crops can be planted as soon as the soil is workable (not too wet or frozen).
- Potatoes (from seed pieces)
- Onion sets and seeds
- Peas
- Spinach
- Lettuce
- Kale and Collards
- Radishes
After Last Frost Date (Warm-Season Crops)
This is the main planting time for summer favorites. Planting to early can stunt or kill these plants.
- Wait until soil temperatures are consistently above 60°F.
- Plant tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants.
- Sow seeds for beans, corn, cucumbers, and squash directly in the garden.
- Plant sweet potato slips.
Herbs like basil and cilantro also go in now. Cilantro will bolt quickly in summer heat, so succession plant it.
Summer Planting for a Fall Harvest
Many gardeners forget about the excellent fall growing season. You can plant a second round of many crops in mid-to-late summer.
Mid-Summer (July – Early August)
Calculate planting dates by counting back from your first fall frost date. Use the “days to maturity” on seed packets.
- Carrots (sow seeds)
- Beets (sow seeds)
- Bush Beans (sow seeds about 60 days before frost)
- Broccoli and Cauliflower (start transplants in June or buy them)
- Brussels Sprouts (transplants)
Late Summer (August)
This is prime time for quick-growing greens and roots.
- Lettuce and Spinach (sow seeds)
- Kale and Swiss Chard (sow seeds or transplants)
- Turnips and Radishes (sow seeds)
Providing some shade for new seedlings in the summer heat can help them get established. Mulching is also key to retain moisture.
Flower Planting Guide for Missouri
Timing for flowers follows similar rules, dividing them into hardy annuals, tender annuals, and perennials.
Early Spring Flower Planting
Hardy annuals and perennials can go in early.
- Pansies and Violas
- Snapdragons
- Dianthus
- Plant dormant perennial roots like daylilies and hostas.
After Last Frost
This is when the summer color arrives. All of these are sensitive to cold.
- Petunias, Marigolds, and Zinnias
- Geraniums and Impatiens
- Sunflowers (can be seeded directly)
- Plant caladium bulbs and elephant ear bulbs when soil is warm.
Fall is also a fantastic time to plant many perennial flowers and spring-blooming bulbs like tulips and daffodils. The cool weather helps them develop strong roots.
Essential Tips for Missouri Gardeners
Beyond the calendar, a few local practices make a big difference.
Soil Preparation is Key
Missouri soil often has heavy clay. Amend it with compost every year to improve drainage and fertility. A soil test every few years tells you exactly what nutrients you need.
Watch the Weather, Not Just the Calendar
A warm early spring can be tempting, but it can be followed by a hard freeze. Use weather apps and be patient. Having protective covers ready is a smart strategy.
Succession Planting for Continuous Harvest
Don’t plant all your lettuce or radishes at once. Sow small amounts every two weeks for a steady supply. This works great for many fast-growing crops.
Also, remember to rotate your vegetable families each year to prevent pest and disease buildup. Its a simple step with big benefits.
Common Planting Mistakes to Avoid
Here’s how to sidestep frequent errors.
- Planting Too Early: The number one mistake. Warm soil is more important than a warm air day.
- Ignoring Soil Temperature: A cheap soil thermometer is a great investment.
- Crowding Plants: Follow spacing on seed packets for good air flow.
- Forgetting to Harden Off Transplants: Acclimate indoor-started plants to outdoor sun and wind over 7-10 days.
FAQ: Your Missouri Gardening Questions
When is it safe to plant tomatoes in Missouri?
Wait until after your local last frost date. For central Missouri, this is usually around mid-April to May 1. Soil temperature should be above 60°F.
What can I plant in March in Missouri?
In March, you can plant peas, potatoes, onion sets, spinach, lettuce, and radishes if the soil is workable. Start seeds indoors for tomatoes and peppers.
How do I find my exact frost dates?
Search online for “frost dates” along with your Missouri city or zip code. The University of Missouri Extension website is a reliable source for this information.
Is it to late to start a garden in June?
Not at all! You can plant warm-season crops like beans, squash, and cucumbers early in June. By late June, start planning for your fall garden by sowing crops like carrots and broccoli.
What are the best plants for a beginner in Missouri?
Start with easy, productive crops: tomatoes, bush beans, zucchini, lettuce, radishes, and marigolds (to help with pests). They give you a good chance for success and build confidence.
Gardening in Missouri is a rewarding journey that connects you with the seasons. By following these timing guidelines and observing your own garden’s conditions, you’ll be well on your way to a plentiful and beautiful garden. Remember, local experience is your best teacher, so don’t be afraid to take notes each year on what works best in your unique space.