Knowing when to fertilize zoysia in NC is the key to a thick, green, and resilient lawn. Getting the timing right for your application makes all the difference in how well your grass thrives through the hot Carolina summers and survives the winter.
This guide will walk you through the optimal schedule, the best products to use, and simple steps to follow. You’ll learn how to work with North Carolina’s unique climate to keep your zoysia looking its best with minimal effort.
When To Fertilize Zoysia In NC
For zoysia grass in North Carolina, the golden rule is to fertilize only when the grass is actively growing. This means late spring through summer. The most critical application is in late spring, once the grass has fully greened up.
Applying fertilizer too early or too late can harm your lawn. Early feeding encourages weeds. Late feeding can make the grass vulnerable to winter cold.
Understanding Zoysia’s Growth Cycle in North Carolina
Zoysia is a warm-season grass. It wakes up from winter dormancy when soil temperatures consistently hit about 65°F. In North Carolina, this typically happens from late April in the Piedmont to early May in the cooler mountain regions.
The grass grows strongest during the heat of summer. Then, it slows down as fall arrives and goes dormant after the first hard frost, turning a golden brown color.
- Green-Up: Late April to Mid-May. Do not fertilize yet.
- Peak Growth: June, July, August. This is your main feeding window.
- Slowdown: September. A possible light fall feeding.
- Dormancy: October/November through March. No fertilizer.
The Optimal Fertilization Schedule
Follow this simple timeline for a healthy lawn. Always wait until your grass is fully green before the first application.
Late Spring Application (The Most Important One)
Aim for late May to early June. This feeding provides the nutrients needed for strong summer growth. It helps the grass develop a deep root system and spread to fill in bare spots.
- Timing: When you’ve mowed the lawn 2-3 times.
- Goal: Kickstart summer vigor.
Summer Application
Apply a second feeding around mid-July. This sustains the grass through the hottest part of the year. If your lawn looks great after the spring feeding, you can sometimes skip this one, especially if you use a slow-release fertilizer.
Early Fall Application (Optional & Careful)
If you choose to fertilize in fall, do it no later than early September, and only use a low-nitrogen, potassium-rich product. This helps with winter hardiness. Never fertilize in late fall, as it promotes tender new growth that will get damaged by frost.
Choosing the Right Fertilizer
Not all lawn fertilizers are the same. You need one formulated for warm-season grasses.
- N-P-K Ratio: Look for a ratio like 15-0-15, 16-4-8, or similar. The first number (Nitrogen) should be higher for green growth. The last number (Potassium) is crucial for stress tolerance.
- “Slow-Release” Nitrogen: This is highly recommended. It feeds the grass gradually over 6-8 weeks, preventing a surge of weak growth and reducing the risk of burning the lawn.
- Soil Test First: The best thing you can do is get a soil test from the NC Department of Agriculture. It tells you exactly what your soil needs, saving you money and preventing over-application.
Step-by-Step Application Guide
Doing it right ensures even coverage and prevents problems.
- Mow: Cut your lawn a day or two before you plan to fertilize.
- Calibrate Your Spreader: Follow the settings on the fertilizer bag for your spreader type. This ensures you apply the correct amount.
- Apply Evenly: Walk at a steady pace, slightly overlapping your passes. Be careful not to overlap to much on turns, as this can cause streaks of over-fertilization.
- Water In: Lightly water the lawn after application. This helps move the fertilizer granules off the grass blades and into the soil where the roots can access it.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Avoid these pitfalls for a healthier lawn.
- Fertilizing Too Early: Feeding a dormant lawn feeds winter weeds like poa annua.
- Over-Fertilizing: More is not better. It leads to thatch buildup, excessive mowing, and pollution from runoff.
- Using the Wrong Fertilizer: Avoid “weed and feed” products unless you have a specific weed problem. They often aren’t timed right for zoysia’s needs.
- Ignoring Soil Health: Fertilizer adds nutrients, but healthy soil structure is vital for water retention and root growth. Consider core aeration if your soil is compacted.
Seasonal Lawn Care Tips for NC Zoysia
Fertilizing is just one part of the picture. Here’s how it fits into the yearly cycle.
Spring
Wait for green-up. Mow at the correct height (1.5 to 2.5 inches for most zoysia varieties). Address any weed problems after the grass is growing.
Summer
This is zoysia’s time to shine. Water deeply but infrequently if rainfall is lacking. Mow regularly, but never remove more than 1/3 of the blade height at once.
Fall
Continue mowing as growth slows. This is the best time for core aeration and overseeding if you have thin areas, though zoysia spreads slowly from seed.
Winter
The lawn is dormant. Keep traffic to a minimum to avoid damaging the crowns. This is a good time to service your mower and plan for next season.
FAQ: Fertilizing Zoysia Grass in North Carolina
Can I fertilize my zoysia in March or April?
No. The grass is still dormant or just beginning to wake up. Fertilizing now will not help the grass and will primarily benefit weeds.
What is the best fertilizer for zoysia grass?
A balanced fertilizer with slow-release nitrogen is best. A soil test will give you the most accurate recommendation for your specific yard.
How many times a year should I fertilize zoysia?
In North Carolina, 1-3 times is typical. A must-do application in late spring, an optional summer feeding, and a careful, potassium-focused fall application if needed.
Is it too late to fertilize in October?
Yes. Fertilizing zoysia in October in NC is too late. It can stimulate new growth that will be damaged by frost, weakening the plant before winter.
Should I water before or after fertilizing?
Water lightly after applying granular fertilizer to wash it into the soil. If your lawn is extremely dry and stressed, it’s better to water deeply a day before you fertilize.
By following this schedule and tips, you’ll provide your zoysia lawn exactly what it needs, exactly when it needs it. The result is a beautiful, low-maintenance turf that can handle a North Carolina summer with ease. Remember, patience in the spring and a careful hand with the fertilizer spreader are your greatest tools for success.