Philodendron Bipennifolium

If you’re looking for a houseplant that combines rarity with stunning looks, the Philodendron bipennifolium is a perfect choice. This climbing plant, often called the Fiddleleaf Philodendron or Horsehead Philodendron, brings a touch of the tropical rainforest right into your living space. Its unique, glossy leaves are shaped like a violin or a horse’s head, making it a true conversation starter.

It’s a bit harder to find than common pothos, but its elegant vining habit and dramatic foliage are worth the search. With the right care, this philodendron can become a long-lived and impressive part of your indoor jungle.

This plant is native to the rainforests of South America, where it climbs tall trees. Indoors, it will happily climb a moss pole or trail from a hanging basket. The leaves start heart-shaped but develop their distinctive lobed form as the plant matures. A mature, well-cared-for Philodendron bipennifolium is a sight to behold.

Essential Care Guide

Don’t let its exotic appearance intimidate you. This philodendron is surprisingly adaptable once you understand its basic needs. Following these simple steps will keep your plant healthy and growing.

Light Requirements

This plant thrives in bright, indirect light. Think of the dappled sunlight it would receive under the forest canopy.

A spot near an east or north-facing window is ideal.
A few feet back from a south or west window works well too.
Direct afternoon sun can scorch the beautiful leaves, causing brown spots.
Too little light leads to small leaves and leggy, stretched-out growth.

Watering Your Plant

Overwatering is the most common mistake. These plants like to partially dry out between drinks.

Check the soil weekly by sticking your finger about an inch deep.
If the top inch feels dry, it’s time to water.
Water thoroughly until it runs out the drainage holes.
Always empty the saucer underneath to prevent root rot.

In winter, reduce watering frequency as growth slows down. Yellow leaves often signal you’re giving it to much water.

Soil and Potting

A well-draining, airy potting mix is non-negotiable. A standard houseplant soil can be to dense on its own.

Use a high-quality aroid mix, or make your own.
A simple recipe: two parts potting soil, one part perlite, one part orchid bark.
This blend ensures roots get oxygen and prevents waterlogging.
Repot every 1-2 years in spring, moving up just one pot size.

Humidity and Temperature

As a tropical plant, it appreciates higher humidity but often adapts to average home levels.

Ideally, aim for 60% humidity or higher.
Use a humidifier, or place the pot on a pebble tray with water.
Grouping plants together also creates a more humid microclimate.
Keep it away from cold drafts and heating vents, which can dry it out.

Normal room temperatures between 65°F and 80°F are perfect. Avoid temps below 55°F.

Training and Pruning

This is a natural climber. Providing support mimics its native habitat and encourages larger leaves.

Insert a moss pole or coir totem into the pot when repotting.
Gently attach the stems to the pole using soft plant ties or clips.
The aerial roots will eventually cling to the support.
Prune any yellow or damaged leaves at the base of their stem.
To control size or encourage bushiness, you can trim back long vines just above a leaf node.

This is where new growth will emerge from. Don’t be afraid to prune; it helps the plant.

Fertilizing for Growth

Feed your plant during the active growing season (spring and summer).

Use a balanced liquid fertilizer (like a 10-10-10) diluted to half strength.
Apply it once a month when you water.
There’s no need to fertilize in the fall and winter when growth is minimal.
Over-fertilizing can harm the roots, so less is more.

Common Problems and Solutions

Even with great care, you might encounter an issue. Here’s how to troubleshoot.

Yellow Leaves

This usually points to overwatering. Check your soil moisture and adjust your schedule. Older leaves yellowing naturally is normal; just remove them.

Brown Leaf Edges or Tips

Low humidity is the likely culprit. Increase moisture in the air around your plant. It could also be from tap water chemicals; using filtered or rainwater can help.

Leggy Growth with Small Leaves

Your plant isn’t getting enough light. Move it to a brighter location (but not direct sun).

Pests

Watch for common houseplant pests like spider mites, mealybugs, and scale.

Wipe leaves regularly with a damp cloth to deter pests.
If you see bugs, isolate the plant.
Treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil, following the product instructions.

How to Propagate Your Philodendron

Sharing this beautiful plant is rewarding. The easiest method is stem cuttings.

In spring or summer, identify a healthy stem with at least one node (the bump where leaves and roots grow).
Using clean shears, cut just below a node.
You can root the cutting in water or moist sphagnum moss.
Place it in bright, indirect light and change the water weekly if using that method.
Once roots are a few inches long, pot it up in fresh soil.

Keep the soil slightly moist for the first few weeks as the new plant establishes. It’s a simple process that almost always works.

Is It Pet-Friendly?

No. Like many philodendrons, the Philodendron bipennifolium contains calcium oxalate crystals. These are toxic to cats and dogs if ingested, causing oral irritation and digestive upset. Keep this plant out of reach of curious pets.

FAQ

How big does a Philodendron bipennifolium get?
Indoors, with a support to climb, leaves can reach 12-18 inches long. The vine itself can grow several feet over time.

What’s the difference between Philodendron bipennifolium and Philodendron panduriforme?
They are very similar and often confused. True Philodendron bipennifolium has a more pronounced “horsehead” shape with defined lobes, while panduriforme leaves are more fiddle-shaped. Care for both is identical.

Why are the new leaves on my Philodendron bipennifolium small?
Insufficient light, lack of support for climbing, or a need for fertilizer are common reasons. Ensure it has bright light and a moss pole to encourage larger, mature leaves.

How often should I repot my Horsehead Philodendron?
Every 1-2 years is typical. Look for roots growing out of the drainage holes or slowed growth as signs it needs more space.

Can I grow Philodendron bipennifolium in water forever?
While cuttings root well in water, long-term growth is better in soil. Plants kept solely in water may become deficient in nutrients and be less stable.

Adding a Philodendron bipennifolium to your collection brings a peice of botanical artistry. Its graceful form and unique foliage make it a standout. With consistent but simple care focused on light, careful watering, and a bit of humidity, you’ll be able to enjoy this rare and elegant houseplant for many years. Watching it climb and unfurl its distinctive leaves is one of the great joys of indoor gardening.