The fishbone cactus is a truly unusual hanging succulent that stands out in any plant collection. With its long, flat stems that zigzag like a fish skeleton, it’s a conversation starter that’s surprisingly easy to care for. If you’re looking for a unique, low-maintenance houseplant that thrives on neglect, this might be your perfect match.
Unlike many desert cacti, the fishbone cactus (Epiphyllum anguliger) is a jungle cactus. It grows in the trees of Central and South American forests. This means its care is a bit different from the typical sun-loving succulent on your windowsill. Understanding this simple fact is the key to keeping your plant healthy and encouraging its spectacular night-blooming flowers.
Fishbone Cactus – Unusual Hanging Succulent
Let’s get to know this fascinating plant a bit better. Its most striking feature are the stems, which botanists call “cladodes.” These stems are the reason for all its common names: ric rac cactus, zig zag cactus, or orchid cactus. They can grow several feet long, making the plant ideal for a hanging basket where the stems can cascade beautifully.
In the fall, given the right conditions, mature plants produce large, fragrant flowers. These blooms open at night and last only until the next morning. They are often white or cream-colored and have a lovely, complex shape. The fleeting nature of the flowers makes seeing them a special treat for any plant owner.
Ideal Growing Conditions for Your Fishbone Cactus
To mimic its natural habitat, you’ll want to recreate the dappled light and humidity of a forest canopy. Getting these elements right prevents most common problems.
Light Requirements
Bright, indirect light is best. Think of a spot near an east or north-facing window. A south or west window is okay if you use a sheer curtain to filter the intense afternoon sun. Too much direct sun will scorch the stems, turning them yellow or pale. Not enough light leads to weak, leggy growth and no flowers.
Temperature & Humidity
This cactus enjoys average room temperatures between 60°F and 80°F (15°C – 27°C). It can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures in the winter, but never below 50°F (10°C). As a tropical plant, it appreciates higher humidity. You can provide this by:
- Placing the pot on a tray filled with pebbles and water.
- Grouping it with other humidity-loving plants.
- Using a small humidifier nearby, especially in dry winter months.
Planting and Potting Mix Essentials
The right soil is crucial for preventing root rot. Since it’s an epiphyte, its roots need air and excellent drainage. A standard cactus mix is a good start, but you should amend it.
Here is a simple recipe for a perfect fishbone cactus potting mix:
- 2 parts regular cactus or succulent potting soil.
- 1 part orchid bark or coconut coir for chunkiness.
- 1 part perlite or pumice for extra drainage.
Choose a pot with ample drainage holes. Terracotta pots are excellent because they wick away extra moisture. When repotting, which is only needed every 2-3 years, only go up one pot size. A pot that’s too large holds wet soil for to long and can cause root issues.
Watering and Feeding Schedule
This is where many people go wrong. The fishbone cactus likes to dry out a bit more than you might think. Overwatering is the fastest way to harm it.
How to Water Correctly
During the spring and summer growing season, water thoroughly when the top third of the soil feels dry. Soak the soil until water runs out the bottom, then let it drain completely. Never let the plant sit in a saucer of water. In the fall and winter, reduce watering significantly, allowing the soil to dry out almost completely between waterings.
Fertilizing for Growth and Flowers
Feed your plant monthly during the growing season (spring and summer). Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. A fertilizer formulated for orchids or cacti also works well. Stop fertilizing in the fall and winter when the plant’s growth slows down. This rest period is important for triggering flower buds the next season.
Pruning and Propagation Techniques
Pruning isn’t strictly necessary, but it helps maintain a full, attractive shape. You can also use the cuttings to make new plants—a great way to share this unusual hanging succulent with friends.
Simple Pruning Steps
- Use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears.
- Cut a stem at the point where it connects to another stem.
- You can remove any stems that are damaged, diseased, or just too long for your space.
Propagating from Stem Cuttings
Propagation is very straightforward and has a high success rate. Here’s how to do it:
- Take a healthy stem cutting that is at least 4-6 inches long. Let the cut end callous over for a day or two. This prevents rot when planting.
- Prepare a small pot with the same well-draining mix used for the mother plant.
- Insert the calloused end about an inch deep into the soil. You can plant several cuttings in one pot for a fuller look.
- Place the pot in bright, indirect light and water very lightly, just to settle the soil. Keep the soil barely moist (not wet) until you see new growth, which indicates roots have formed.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Even with the best care, you might encounter an issue. Here’s how to identify and fix common problems.
Yellowing or Limp Stems
This is almost always a sign of overwatering. Check the soil. If it’s soggy, stop watering immediately. You may need to remove the plant from its pot to inspect the roots. If they are brown and mushy, trim the rotten roots away and repot in fresh, dry mix. Hold off on watering for a week after repotting.
Brown or Pale Scorched Patches
This indicates too much direct sunlight. Simply move your plant to a location with gentler, filtered light. The damaged parts won’t recover, but new growth will be healthy.
Lack of Flowering
If your mature plant isn’t blooming, consider these factors:
- Light: It might not be getting enough bright, indirect light.
- Fertilizer: Are you using a balanced fertilizer during the growing season?
- Winter Rest: Did the plant get a cooler, drier period in winter? This dormancy is crucial for bud formation.
Creative Display Ideas
The cascading nature of the fishbone cactus begs for a hanging display. A macramé hanger or a decorative hook allows the stems to trail freely. You can also place it on a high shelf or plant stand. As the stems grow longer, they will create a beautiful, architectural curtain of green. Its unique shape makes it a stunning focal point in any room.
FAQ About the Fishbone Cactus
Is the fishbone cactus pet-friendly?
Yes! According to the ASPCA, the fishbone cactus is non-toxic to both cats and dogs. This makes it a great choice for households with curious pets.
How often does the ric rac cactus bloom?
A mature and well-cared-for plant typically blooms once a year in the late fall. The flowers open at night and wilt by morning, but a plant can produce several blooms over a few weeks.
Why are the stems on my zig zag cactus getting thin?
Thin, weak stems are a classic sign of insufficient light. The plant is stretching to find a brighter spot. Try moving it to a location with more indirect sunlight to encourage sturdier growth.
Can I grow orchid cactus outdoors?
You can in warm months if you live in a suitable climate (USDA zones 10-11). It must be in a shaded, protected spot—never in direct sun. Always bring it indoors before temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C). In most regions, it’s best grown as a permanent indoor plant.
What’s the best way to deal with pests?
Mealybugs and scale are the most common pests. Look for white cottony masses or small brown bumps on the stems. Wipe them off with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. For larger infestations, a spray of insecticidal soap or neem oil is effective. Always test on a small area first to ensure it doesn’t damage the plant.
The fishbone cactus is a rewarding plant that offers striking visual interest with minimal fuss. By providing the right balance of light, water, and a well-draining home, you’ll be able to enjoy its quirky form for years to come. With a little patience, you might even be rewarded with its magical nocturnal flowers, a sure sign you’ve mastered the care of this exceptional succulent.