Knowing when to plant in Tennessee is the single most important factor for your garden’s success. Our state’s diverse climate, from the mountains to the Mississippi, means timing is everything. Get it right, and you’ll enjoy a bounty of fresh vegetables and beautiful blooms. Get it wrong, and you might face frost, heat stress, or disappointing harvests. This guide will walk you through the essential calendar for Tennessee gardens.
We’ll break it down by season and crop type, using simple guidelines. You’ll learn about frost dates, soil temperature, and how to use Tennessee’s three distinct growing regions to your advantage. Let’s get your planting schedule sorted.
When To Plant In Tennessee
This core schedule is based on average last and first frost dates. Remember, these are averages—always watch your local weather. East Tennessee has a shorter season, while West Tennessee enjoys a longer, warmer period.
Understanding Your Frost Dates
Your planting calendar revolves around two key dates:
- Last Spring Frost: This is the average date in spring when you can expect the last frost to occur. Planting tender crops before this date is risky.
- First Fall Frost: This is the average date in autumn when the first frost typically arrives. It signals the end of the growing season for many plants.
Here’s a general guide for Tennessee’s regions:
- East TN (Mountains): Last frost around April 15-25; First frost around October 10-20.
- Middle TN (Plateau): Last frost around April 10-20; First frost around October 20-30.
- West TN (Lowlands): Last frost around March 30 – April 10; First frost around October 30 – November 10.
Spring Planting Guide (March – May)
Spring is a busy and exciting time. The goal is to start cool-season crops early and wait for the soil to warm for tender summer plants.
Early Spring (As soon as soil is workable)
These hardy crops can tolerate light frosts and cold soil. You can plant them 4-6 weeks before your last frost date.
- Potatoes (plant seed pieces)
- Peas (snap and shelling)
- Spinach, Kale, and Collard Greens
- Lettuce, Radishes, and Carrots
- Onion sets and Shallots
Mid-Spring (After last frost date nears)
As the danger of a hard frost passes, you can plant these semi-hardy crops. Have row covers ready just in case of a late cold snap.
- Beets and Swiss Chard
- Broccoli and Cabbage transplants
- Cauliflower and Brussels Sprouts
Late Spring (After last frost date has passed)
This is the time for warm-season crops. Soil temperature should be at least 60°F, ideally 70°F for things like peppers. A simple soil thermometer is a great investment.
- Tomatoes, Peppers, and Eggplant (transplants)
- Beans (bush and pole)
- Corn and Cucumbers
- Squash and Zucchini
- Basil and other tender herbs
Summer Planting Guide (June – August)
Summer isn’t just for maintenance. You can plant for a continuous harvest and prepare for fall.
Succession Planting
Re-sow quick-growing crops every few weeks for a non-stop supply.
- Bush Beans
- Radishes
- Lettuce (choose heat-tolerant varieties)
Fall Harvest Planting
Midsummer is the time to start crops that will mature in the cooler autumn weather. For fall broccoli and Brussels sprouts, you’ll need to start seeds indoors in June or buy transplants in July.
- Pumpkins and Winter Squash (early June)
- Sweet Potatoes (slips, planted by mid-June)
- Fall Tomatoes (from transplants in early July)
Fall Planting Guide (August – October)
Fall is a fantastic second growing season in Tennessee. The trick is working backward from your first fall frost date.
Late Summer/Early Fall Planting
Plant these crops 8-10 weeks before your first expected frost. They thrive in cool weather and often taste sweeter after a light frost.
- Lettuce, Spinach, and Arugula
- Kale, Collards, and Mustard Greens
- Radishes and Turnips
- Beets and Carrots
Overwintering Crops & Bulbs
Plant these in the fall for a very early spring harvest or bloom.
- Garlic (plant cloves in October)
- Onion sets for green onions
- Spring-flowering bulbs like Tulips and Daffodils
Step-by-Step: How to Decide Your Planting Day
- Identify your region in Tennessee (East, Middle, West).
- Note your average last spring frost date. Use it as a baseline, not a guarantee.
- Check your soil temperature. Warm-season crops need warm soil. Don’t rush them.
- Read the seed packet or plant tag. It will say “plant after all danger of frost has passed” or “sow as soon as soil can be worked.”
- Watch the 10-day weather forecast. If a late frost is predicted after you’ve planted tender crops, be prepared to cover them.
Tennessee Gardening Tips for Every Season
Our climate presents unique challanges. Here’s how to adapt:
- Soil Prep is Key: Tennessee soil can be heavy clay. Amend with compost every year to improve drainage and fertility. Your plants will thank you.
- Manage Humidity & Disease: Summer humidity promotes fungal diseases. Water at the base of plants in the morning, space plants for good air flow, and choose disease-resistant varieties.
- Use Mulch: A layer of mulch conserves water, suppresses weeds, and keeps soil temperatures more even. This is especially helpful in our hot summers.
- Consider a Hoop House or Cold Frame: These simple structures can extend your growing season by several weeks in both spring and fall, giving you a real edge.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the best month to start planting in Tennessee?
It depends on the crop. Cool-season vegetables like peas and spinach can often be planted in March. The main planting month for most summer gardens is April, after the last frost.
When should I plant tomatoes in Tennessee?
Plant tomato transplants outdoors after your last spring frost date, when night temperatures stay above 50°F. For most areas, this is from mid-April to early May. Warm soil is crucial for good growth.
How long is the growing season in Tennessee?
The length varies by region. West Tennessee can have over 200 days between frosts, while parts of East Tennessee may have 160-180 days. Knowing your local frost dates gives you your exact number.
Can you plant a garden in the fall in Tennessee?
Absolutely! Fall is an excellent time to garden. Many cool-weather crops thrive planted in late summer for a fall harvest. The pests are fewer and the weather is pleasant for gardening.
What can I plant in August in Tennessee?
In August, focus on your fall garden. Plant seeds for lettuce, spinach, radishes, and carrots. You can also put in transplants of broccoli, cabbage, and kale for a late fall harvest. Make sure to keep them well-watered during the late summer heat.
By following this seasonal guide and paying attention to your local conditions, you’ll greatly increase your chances for a productive and succesful garden. Remember, gardening is part science and part observation. Keep notes on what you plant and when each year—this personal record will become your most valuable tool for knowing exactly when to plant in your own Tennessee backyard.