Is Cedar Toxic To Cows

If you’re a farmer or homesteader with cattle, you’re always checking what’s growing in your pastures. A common question is, is cedar toxic to cows? Understanding the potential risks of cedar to livestock is crucial for keeping your herd healthy and safe.

While cedar trees provide great windbreaks and shade, certain types can pose a real threat. The danger isn’t always straightforward—it depends on the species, the part of the plant, and how much your animals consume. Let’s look at what you need to know to protect your cows.

This heading gets straight to the point because it’s the core concern. The short answer is yes, some cedars are toxic, but the situation has nuances. True cedars (Cedrus species) are generally considered less of a problem for livestock. The bigger risk in many regions, especially in North America, comes from trees commonly called “cedars” that are actually junipers (Juniperus species).

Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) is a major culprit. It contains compounds that can be harmful, particularly to pregnant cows. The primary risk is from the essential oils and chemicals in the leaves and berries.

How Cedar Poisoning Happens

Cows are usually selective grazers, but they may eat cedar when other forage is scarce. This often happens in overgrazed pastures or during late winter when grass quality is poor. The toxic effects are usually cumulative, meaning problems build up over time as the cow consumes more.

Here are the main ways cows encounter cedar:

Browsing on low-hanging branches or seedlings in the pasture.
Eating hay or feed that has been contaminated with cedar leaves or berries.
Chewing on fence posts or bedding made from cedar wood (less common).

Specific Symptoms to Watch For

Recognizing the signs early can help you intervene. Symptoms vary based on the amount consumed and the cow’s condition. Pay close attention to these warning signs:

Digestive upset: Loss of appetite, diarrhea, or general rumen dysfunction.
Abortion in pregnant cows: This is one of the most serious effects, often occurring in late gestation after eating cedar over a period of weeks.
Weakness and depression: The cow may appear lethargic or separated from the herd.
Changes in urination: Some types may cause kidney irritation.

If you notice any of these symptoms, its important to remove the animal from the source and contact your veterinarian immediately. There is no specific antidote, so treatment is supportive.

Managing Cedar in Cattle Pastures

Prevention is always better than cure. Here are practical steps you can take to minimize the risk on your land.

1. Identify and Inventory Your Trees

First, know what you’re dealing with. Learn to distinguish between true cedars and junipers. Look for trees with scale-like leaves and blueish berries—these are likely junipers. Walk your pastures regularly, especially in off-season, to spot seedlings early.

2. Control Cedar Growth

Keeping cedar populations in check is an ongoing task. A combination of methods often works best:

Mechanical Removal: For small trees, cutting or hand-pulling is effective. Ensure you remove the root system to prevent regrowth.
Controlled Burning: In areas where it’s safe and legal, prescribed burns can control seedlings. Always consult with local fire authorities first.
Herbicide Application: For larger infestations, targeted herbicides can be usefull. Always follow label instructions for agricultural use and environmental safety.

3. Provide Ample Quality Forage

Cows are much less likely to browse undesirable plants if they have plenty of good grass. Implement sound pasture management:

Practice rotational grazing to avoid overgrazing.
Provide supplemental hay during winter or drought conditions.
Soil test and fertilize pastures to maintain vigorous grass growth.

Safe Uses of Cedar Around Livestock

Not all cedar wood is a direct poisoning hazard. Many farmers use it for fencing and barn construction due to it’s natural rot resistance. The dried, seasoned lumber poses little risk if cows chew on it occasionally, as the volatile oils have diminished.

However, avoid using fresh cedar chips or shavings as bedding if you’re concerned about ingestion. Also, never include cedar branches in hay bales or feed. It’s better to error on the side of caution.

Other Livestock Considerations

It’s worth noting that sheep and goats are more resistant to cedar toxins than cows. They can sometimes be used to help control young cedar growth through targeted browsing. Horses, on the other hand, may also experience digestive issues if they consume large quantities.

Always observe all your animals when they have access to areas with cedar. Their behavior will give you clues about any potential problems.

When to Call the Vet

Don’t hesitate to seek professional help. If you suspect cedar poisoning, here’s what to do:

Immediately move the affected cow to a cedar-free area with clean water.
Collect a sample of the plant you suspect they were eating.
Call your vet and describe the symptoms and the possible source.
Follow their guidance, which may include providing supportive care like electrolytes.

FAQ: Cedar and Livestock

Is all cedar bad for cows?

Not necessarily. True cedars (like Atlas or Deodar) are less toxic. The main risk comes from junipers labeled as cedars, such as Eastern red cedar. The berries and leaves are the most toxic parts.

Can cedar bedding harm my cattle?

Seasoned, dry cedar wood used in construction or as thick bedding is generally considered low risk. Fresh cedar chips used as bedding might cause respiratory irritation for some animals, but poisoning from casual contact is uncommon.

What should I plant instead of cedar for windbreaks?

Consider safer, native tree options for shelterbelts. Good choices include cottonwood, certain hardy pines, or deciduous trees like oak or maple. Check with your local extension office for recommendations suited to your soil.

How much cedar does it take to poison a cow?

There’s no precise amount, as it depends on the tree species and the cow’s size and pregnancy status. Consistent browsing over weeks is the typical risk scenario. A few mouthfuls likely won’t cause harm, but it’s best to prevent access altogether.

Managing cedar trees requires a balance. They can be benificial for erosion control and shelter, but their potential toxicity to cows shouldn’t be ignored. By identifying risky species, controlling their spread, and maintaining healthy pastures, you can significantly reduce the danger to your livestock. Regular observation of your herd is your best tool for catching any issues early. With good management, you and your cows can coexist safely with the trees on your land.