Want more of those stunning, patterned leaves in your home? Learning how to propagate calathea is the perfect way to expand your collection for free. This guide will walk you through the simple, reliable method step-by-step.
Calatheas, like the popular Rattlesnake or Prayer Plant, are known for their beautiful foliage. They can be a bit fussy about their care, but propagation is straightforward once you know the trick. The best and only method we recommend for home gardeners is division. This means separating the plant at its roots, which is less stressful for the plant and gives you a mature new plant right away.
How to Propagate Calathea
Before you start, it’s important to know that calatheas don’t propagate from single leaf cuttings in water or soil. They need a piece of the root system, or rhizome, to grow. Division is the way to go. Let’s get your supplies ready.
What You’ll Need
- A healthy, mature calathea plant that’s at least a year old and has multiple stems (clumps).
- Clean, sharp pruning shears or a sharp knife.
- Fresh, well-draining potting mix (aroid or peat-based mix is ideal).
- Two or more new pots with drainage holes.
- Gloves (optional).
- A clean workspace, like a table covered with newspaper.
Step 1: Choose the Right Time
The ideal time to propagate your calathea is in the spring or early summer. This is when the plant is entering its active growing season. The increased light and warmth will help your new divisions recover and establish new roots quickly. Avoid propagating in the dormant winter months.
Step 2: Prepare the Plant and Workspace
Water your calathea thoroughly a day or two before you plan to divide it. This ensures the plant is hydrated and the roots are more flexible. Gather all your supplies so everything is within reach. Having a prepared pot of fresh soil ready makes the process smoother.
Step 3: Remove the Plant from Its Pot
Gently tip the pot on its side and carefully slide the entire plant out. You might need to tap the sides of the pot or run a knife around the edge to loosen it. Be gentle to avoid snapping any stems. Once it’s out, lightly shake and massage the root ball to remove some of the old soil so you can see the root structure.
Step 4: Identify Natural Divisions
Look closely at the base of the plant, where the stems meet the roots. You should see several distinct clumps or groups of stems. Each clump will be connected to its own section of the rhizome (a thick, horizontal root) and have its own root system. Your goal is to separate these clumps.
Step 5: Gently Separate the Root Ball
Start by using your fingers to gently tease apart the roots between the natural clumps you identified. If the roots are tightly tangled, you may need to use your clean shears or knife to carefully cut through the rhizome connecting them. Ensure each new division has at least 3-4 healthy stems and a good amount of roots attached. Don’t worry if a few roots break; it’s normal.
Step 6: Pot Up Your New Divisions
Fill your new pots partway with fresh potting mix. Place one division in the center of each pot. The top of the root ball should sit about an inch below the rim of the pot. Add or remove soil underneath to adjust the height. Then, fill in around the sides with more soil, gently firming it to support the plant. Leave a little space at the top for watering.
Step 7: The First Crucial Watering
After potting, give your new calathea divisions a thorough, gentle watering. This helps settle the soil around the roots and eliminates air pockets. Water until you see it draining freely from the bottom of the pot. This is a key step for reducing transplant shock.
Step 8: Provide Ideal Aftercare
Your new plants are now vulnerable and need a bit of extra TLC. Place them in a warm spot with bright, indirect light—no direct sun, which can scorch the leaves. Keep the soil consistently moist (but not soggy) for the first few weeks. You can also increase humidity around the plants by grouping them together, using a pebble tray, or a humidifier.
Signs of Success and Recovery
Don’t be alarmed if your divisions look a little sad or droopy for the first week or two. They may also have some leaves that yellow or brown at the edges. This is normal as they focus energy on root establishment. New growth is the surest sign of success. Once you see a new leaf unfurling, you’ll know your propagation was a success.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Dividing a plant that’s too small or unhealthy: Always start with a robust, mature plant.
- Using dull or dirty tools: This can crush stems and introduce disease.
- Potting into a container that’s too large: Excess soil holds too much moisture and can lead to root rot. Choose a pot only 1-2 inches wider than the root ball.
- Overwatering during recovery: Keep the soil moist, but let the top inch dry out slightly between waterings once the plant is more established.
Troubleshooting Propagation Problems
If your new division continues to wilt or decline after several weeks, check the roots. Gently remove it from the pot and look for mushy, black roots—a sign of rot. If present, trim the rotten parts away, repot in fresh soil, and adjust your watering. Ensure the plant is warm enough and not in a drafty location.
Sometimes, leaves may curl or crisp more than usual. This is almost always a humidity issue. Calatheas thrive in humid environments, and propagation stresses them. Boosting the humidity is often the simplest fix for post-propagation woes.
FAQs About Calathea Propagation
Can you propagate a calathea from a leaf?
No, you cannot propagate a calathea from just a leaf or a stem cutting placed in water. Unlike some plants, calathea leaves lack the meristematic cells needed to generate new roots and shoots. They must have a section of the rhizome attached to grow.
How long does it take for a divided calathea to recover?
Recovery typically takes 2 to 4 weeks. You should see signs of new growth within this period if the division was successful. The plant may take a full growing season to regain its full, bushy appearance.
Why are my calathea’s leaves turning yellow after division?
A few yellowing leaves is a common stress response. The plant is redirecting energy to its roots. As long as new growth appears, it’s fine. If many leaves turn yellow, check for overwatering or poor drainage.
What is the best soil mix for newly potted calatheas?
A light, airy mix that retains moisture but drains well is key. A good recipe is two parts peat or coco coir, one part perlite, and one part orchid bark. A pre-made African violet or potting mix often works well too.
Can I divide my calathea if it’s flowering?
It’s better to wait until after flowering has finished. Flowering takes significant energy from the plant. Dividing it during this time adds extra stress and can hinder the recovery of both the original and the new divisions.
Propagating your calathea by division is a rewarding project. It helps manage the size of a mature plant and gives you new plants to enjoy or share. With the right timing, a gentle hand, and proper aftercare, you’ll soon have multiple thriving calatheas adding beauty to your space. Remember, patience is key as these beautiful plants adjust to their new homes.