Looking for a stunning hanging succulent to add to your collection? The choice often comes down to the popular dog tail cactus vs rat tail cactus. These two distinctive hanging varieties share a similar trailing habit but have several key differences that every plant enthusiast should know. Understanding these will help you pick the perfect one for your space and care routine.
Both are fantastic, low-maintenance plants that produce gorgeous flowers. They thrive in hanging baskets where their long stems can cascade beautifully. But their needs and appearances aren’t identical. Let’s look at what sets them apart so you can make the best choice.
Dog Tail Cactus vs Rat Tail Cactus
At first glance, these two cacti look like long, green tails tumbling out of a pot. But a closer inspection reveals unique characteristics. The dog tail cactus (Selenicereus testudo) and the rat tail cactus (Aporocactus flagelliformis) belong to different genera. This means their growth patterns, flowers, and even their spines have distinct qualities.
You’ll notice the difference most in their stems. The dog tail cactus has thicker, sturdier stems that can actually start out growing upward before they get heavy and trail down. Its spines are short, fuzzy, and cover the stems densely, giving it a more solid, “furry” appearance. The rat tail cactus, on the other hand, has thinner, more delicate stems that trail immediately. Its spines are more like fine bristles, making the stems look smoother from a distance.
Key Physical Differences at a Glance
Here’s a quick bullet point comparison of their main physical traits:
* Stems: Dog tail stems are thicker (up to 1-2 inches wide) and more angular. Rat tail stems are thinner (about 1/2 inch wide) and perfectly round, like a pencil.
* Spines: Dog tail spines are short, dense, and hair-like, creating a fuzzy texture. Rat tail spines are fine, golden, or brown bristles that lie closer to the stem.
* Growth Habit: Dog tail can initially grow upright before trailing. Rat tail almost exclusively grows in a trailing manner from the start.
* Flowers: Dog tail produces large, white, nocturnal flowers that smell sweet. Rat tail produces vibrant pink or magenta flowers that are diurnal (open during the day).
Origin and Natural Habitat
Knowing where these plants come from gives you clues about how to care for them. The dog tail cactus is native to the tropical rainforests of Central and South America. In the wild, it often grows as an epiphyte, clinging to trees. This means it’s used to dappled light and more humidity than a desert cactus.
The rat tail cactus hails from the arid regions of Mexico. It’s often found clinging to rocky cliffs. This origin story points to its preference for brighter, more direct light and excellent drainage. It’s a bit more tolerant of the dry air in our homes compared to the dog tail.
Side-by-Side Care Requirements
While their care is similar, subtle differences are crucial for success. Here’s how to keep each one thriving.
Light Needs: Bright but Different
Both need plenty of light to bloom and stay healthy. The rat tail cactus prefers several hours of direct sunlight. A south or west-facing window is ideal. The dog tail cactus enjoys very bright, but indirect, light. Too much harsh afternoon sun can scorch its stems. An east-facing window or a spot slightly back from a south window is perfect.
Watering and Humidity
This is where their habitats really come into play. For both, the golden rule is to let the soil dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering is the fastest way to cause root rot.
* Rat Tail Cactus: Water thoroughly when the soil is dry. In winter, reduce watering significantly. It does fine with average household humidity.
Dog Tail Cactus: Also water when dry, but it appreciates a bit more humidity. Misting occasionally or placing it on a pebble tray can be beneficial, especially in dry climates. Don’t let it sit bone dry for to long in the growing season.
Soil and Potting Mix
Excellent drainage is non-negotiable. A standard cactus and succulent mix works, but you can make it even better.
A perfect homemade mix for both includes:
1. 2 parts cactus potting soil
2. 1 part perlite or pumice
3. 1 part orchid bark or coconut coir (especially good for the dog tail’s epiphytic roots)
Always use a pot with a drainage hole. Terracotta pots are excellent because they wick away extra moisture.
Feeding and Fertilizing
Feed your cacti during their active growing season (spring and summer). A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half-strength is fine. You can use a fertilizer higher in phosphorus to encourage more blooms. Feed them once a month. Stop feeding completely in the fall and winter when growth slows down.
Propagation: How to Multiply Your Plants
Propagating both of these cacti is straightforward and fun. The best method is using stem cuttings.
Follow these simple steps:
1. Take a Cutting: Using clean, sharp scissors or shears, snip a healthy stem. A piece 4-6 inches long is perfect.
2. Let it Callous: This is the most important step! Place the cutting in a dry spot out of direct sun for 5-7 days. This allows the cut end to form a dry callus, which prevents rot when planted.
3. Plant the Cutting: Stick the calloused end into a small pot filled with the well-draining mix described earlier. Bury it just deep enough so it stands upright.
4. Wait to Water: Do not water immediately. Wait about a week after planting before giving it a light drink. Then, treat it like a mature plant.
You can also try propagating by seed, but this method is much slower and requires more patience.
Common Problems and Solutions
Even with great care, issues can pop up. Here’s what to watch for.
Yellowing or Soft Stems
This is almost always a sign of overwatering. Check the soil immediately. If it’s soggy, you may need to take the plant out of its pot, remove any black or mushy roots, and repot it in fresh, dry mix. Hold off on watering for at least a week after repotting.
Lack of Flowers
If your cactus isn’t blooming, the usual culprits are not enough light or too much nitrogen fertilizer. Ensure it’s getting the right type of bright light. Also, consider using a bloom-booster fertilizer in the spring. Remember, plants also need a cool, dry rest period in winter to set buds.
Pests to Watch For
These cacti can occasionally attract common houseplant pests.
* Mealybugs: Look for small, white, cottony masses in the stem joints. Dab them with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol.
* Spider Mites: These cause fine webbing and a dusty look on stems. Spray the plant with a strong stream of water or use insecticidal soap.
* Scale: Appear as small, brown, bumpy spots on stems. Scrape them off gently or use horticultural oil.
Choosing the Right One for Your Home
So, which one should you choose? Your decision might come down to your home’s conditions and your visual preference.
Choose the Dog Tail Cactus if:
* You have bright, indirect light (like an east-facing room).
* You prefer a sturdier, fuller-looking plant.
* You love the idea of large, fragrant, night-blooming flowers.
* You can provide a bit extra humidity.
Choose the Rat Tail Cactus if:
* You have a sunny spot with several hours of direct sun.
* You like a more delicate, trailing appearance.
* You want vibrant, day-blooming pink flowers.
* Your home has typical, dry indoor air.
Both are excellent choices for beginners and experinced gardeners alike. They are resilient and reward you with spectacular displays with just a bit of attention.
FAQ: Your Questions Answered
Q: Are dog tail and rat tail cactus the same?
A: No, they are different species. They look similar but have distinct differences in stem thickness, spines, and flower type.
Q: Which cactus is easier to care for, dog tail or rat tail?
A: The rat tail cactus is often considered slightly easier because it tolerates drier air and more direct sun, which is common in many homes. But both are quite low-maintenance.
Q: How fast do these cacti grow?
A: They have a moderate growth rate. In ideal conditions, you can expect several inches of new growth per growing season. The rat tail cactus is known to be a relatively fast grower for a cactus.
Q: Are they safe for pets?
A: While not highly toxic, their spines can cause physical injury and mouth irritation if chewed on. It’s best to keep all spiny plants out of reach of curious pets and children.
Q: Why is my rat tail cactus turning purple?
A: A purple or reddish tint is often a sign of stress, usually from very bright light or cool temperatures. While a little color can be normal, intense discoloration might mean it’s getting to much direct sun.
Q: How often should I repot my hanging cactus?
A: Repot every 2-3 years, or when you see roots growing out of the drainage hole. Spring is the best time to repot. Choose a pot only one size larger to prevent excess soil from staying wet.